sl surveying and leveling third sem question papers

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UNIT V---METHODICAL APPROACH TO REPAIRS bc 5 th sem breif notes

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UNIT V---METHODICAL APPROACH TO REPAIRS   CRACKS OVER OPENINGS :  The cracks over the windows had developed over many years due to rusting lintels.   Lintels are made of steel and support the brick over a window openings.     Rusting lintels are the number one reason cracks occur above window frames.    This generally is not a structural issue, but can develop into a structural issue if left unrepaired.  REPAIR :    The only true way to tell if a crack is active is to install a crack monitor.    The proper way to install a crack monitor is to epoxy the monitor to both sides of the crack and leave on the wall or foundation for as long as possible.    SINKING BALCONIES :   There are many things that can increase the risk of injury on a property.    Loose railings on decks and walkways are one of the areas that we need to be aware of.   Wood railing, iron railings, stucco, or even...
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Factors influencing architecture and vernacular architecture

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Factors influencing architecture and vernacular architecture    Factors that affect architectural design   Each project has a different set of requirements, limitations, challenges, and opportunities that affect a project’s cultural, environmental, technological, and aesthetic contexts. The 10 factors presented below are among the most influential.  CLIENT Some clients have a clear idea of a program, budget, and other project objectives, including the final appearance of the building. Others look to their architect to help them define the project objectives and to design a building that meets those objectives. In both cases the effectiveness of the relationship between client and architect is a major factor in making and implementing design decisions throughout the project. PROGRAM All clients have a series of aspirations, requirements, and limitations to be met in design. The program provides a place for identifying and delineating these fac...
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